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Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP4d5f39cc Deductions for   Clean-Fuel Vehicle   and Refueling Property

Clean-Fuel Vehicle

You are allowed a limited deduction for the cost of clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property. These deductions are allowed only in the tax year you place the property in service.

You cannot claim these deductions for the part of the property's cost you claim as a section 179 deduction. For information on the section 179 deduction, see Publication 946.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP3c6cad7b Deduction for Clean-Fuel   Vehicle Property

Clean-Fuel Vehicle

The deduction for this property may be claimed regardless of whether the property is used in a trade or business.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP68ca40a4 Clean-fuel vehicle property.

Clean-fuel vehicle property is either of the following kinds of property.

1. A motor vehicle (defined earlier) produced by an original equipment manufacturer and designed to be propelled by a clean-burning fuel. These include designated hybrid gas-electric automobiles which, at this time, only include the Ford Escape, Honda Insight, Honda Civic Hybrid, and Toyota Prius. Those designated automobiles do not qualify for the electric vehicle credit. For other than those designated automobiles, the only part of a vehicle's basis that qualifies for the deduction is the part attributable to:
   1. A clean-fuel engine that can use a clean-burning fuel,
   2. The property used to store or deliver the fuel to the engine, or
   3. The property used to exhaust gases from the combustion of the fuel.
2. Any property installed on a motor vehicle (including installation costs) to enable it to be propelled by a clean-burning fuel if:
   1. The property is an engine (or modification of an engine) that can use a clean-burning fuel, or
   2. The property is used to store or deliver that fuel to the engine or to exhaust gases from the combustion of that fuel.

For vehicles that may be propelled by both a clean-burning fuel and any other fuel, your deduction is generally the additional cost of permitting the use of the clean-burning fuel.

Clean-fuel vehicle property does not include an electric vehicle that qualifies for the electric vehicle credit, discussed later.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP159aa0aa Qualified property.

Your property must meet the following requirements to qualify for the deduction.

1. It must be acquired for your own use and not for resale.
2. Its original use must begin with you.
3. Either—
   1. The motor vehicle of which it is a part must satisfy any federal or state emissions standards that apply to each fuel by which the vehicle is designed to be propelled, or
   2. It must satisfy any federal and state emissions certification, testing, and warranty requirements that apply.
4. It cannot be nonqualifying property, defined earlier.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP4741aede Deduction limit.

The maximum deduction you can claim for qualified clean-fuel vehicle property with respect to any motor vehicle is one of the following.

1. $50,000 for a truck or van with a gross vehicle weight rating over 26,000 pounds or for a bus with a seating capacity of at least 20 adults (excluding the driver).
2. $5,000 for a truck or van with a gross vehicle weight rating over 10,000 pounds but not more than 26,000 pounds.
3. $2,000 for a vehicle not included in (1) or (2).

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP31539ceb Deduction for Clean-Fuel   Vehicle Refueling Property

Clean-Fuel Vehicle

Your property must meet the following requirements to qualify for this deduction.

1. It must be depreciable property.
2. Its original use must begin with you.
3. It cannot be nonqualifying property, defined earlier.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP23a5e543 Clean-fuel vehicle refueling property.

Clean-fuel vehicle refueling property is any property (other than a building or its structural components) used to do either of the following.

1. Store or dispense a clean-burning fuel (defined earlier) into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle propelled by the fuel, but only if the storage or dispensing is at the point where the fuel is delivered into the tank.
2. Recharge motor vehicles propelled by electricity, but only if the property is located at the point where the vehicles are recharged.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP4c3a23c8 Recharging property.

This property includes any equipment used to provide electricity to the battery of a motor vehicle propelled by electricity. It includes low-voltage recharging equipment, high-voltage (quick) charging equipment, and ancillary connection equipment such as inductive charging equipment. It does not include property used to generate electricity, such as solar panels or windmills, and does not include the battery used in the vehicle.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP642e4f3e Deduction limit.

The maximum deduction you can claim for clean-fuel vehicle refueling property placed in service at one location is $100,000. To figure your maximum deduction for any tax year, subtract from $100,000 the total you (or any related person or predecessor) claimed for clean-fuel vehicle refueling property placed in service at that location for all earlier years.

If the deduction limit applies, you must specify on your tax return the property (and the portion of the property's cost) you are using as a basis for the deduction.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP229c34f4 Related persons.

For this purpose, the following are considered related persons.

1. An individual and his or her brothers and sisters, half-brothers, half-sisters, spouse, ancestors (parents, grandparents, etc.), and lineal descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.).
2. An individual and a corporation if the individual owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of the corporation.
3. Two corporations that are members of the same controlled group as defined in section 267(f) of the Internal Revenue Code.
4. A grantor and a fiduciary of any trust.
5. Fiduciaries of two separate trusts if the same person is a grantor of both trusts.
6. A fiduciary and a beneficiary of the same trust.
7. A fiduciary and a beneficiary of two separate trusts if the same person is a grantor of both trusts.
8. A fiduciary of a trust and a corporation if the trust or a grantor of the trust owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of the corporation.
9. A person and a tax-exempt educational or charitable organization that is controlled directly or indirectly by that person or by members of the family of that person.
10. A corporation and a partnership if the same persons own more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of the corporation and more than 50% of the capital or profits interest in the partnership.
11. Two S corporations or an S corporation and a regular corporation if the same persons own more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of each corporation.
12. A partnership and a person if the person, directly or indirectly owns, more than 50% of the capital or profits interests in the partnership.
13. Two partnerships if the same persons own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the capital or profits interest in both partnerships.
14. An executor of an estate and a beneficiary of the estate unless the sale or exchange is in satisfaction of a pecuniary bequest.

To determine whether an individual directly or indirectly owns any of the outstanding stock of a corporation, see Ownership of stock under Related Persons in Publication 538.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP6760e910 How To Claim   the Deductions

How you claim the deductions for clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property depends on the use of the property and the kind of income tax return you file.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP5c1836fb Deduction for nonbusiness clean-fuel vehicle property by individuals.

Individuals can claim the deduction for clean-fuel vehicle property used for nonbusiness purposes by including the deduction in the total on line 35 of Form 1040. Also, enter the amount of your deduction and "Clean Fuel" on the dotted line next to line 35. If you use the vehicle partly for business, see the next two discussions.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP1d9b3d78 Deduction for business clean-fuel vehicle property by employees.

Employees who use clean-fuel vehicle property for business, or partly for business and partly for nonbusiness purposes, should include the entire deduction in the total on line 35 of Form 1040. Also, enter the amount of your deduction and "Clean Fuel" on the dotted line next to line 35.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP246cb648 Sole proprietors.

Sole proprietors must claim deductions for clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property used for business on the Other expenses line of either Schedule C (Form 1040) or Schedule F (Form 1040). If clean-fuel vehicle property is used partly for nonbusiness purposes, claim the nonbusiness part of the deduction as explained earlier under Deduction for nonbusiness clean-fuel vehicle property by individuals.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP63ea8c26 Partnerships.

Partnerships claim the deductions for clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property on line 20 of Form 1065.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP5beed048 S corporations.

S corporations claim the deductions for clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property on line 19 of Form 1120S.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP5f884ceb C corporations.

C corporations claim the deductions for clean-fuel vehicle property and clean-fuel vehicle refueling property on line 26 of Form 1120 (line 22 of Form 1120-A).

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP72925047 Recapture of   the Deductions

Depreciation, Recapture

If the property ceases to qualify, you may have to recapture the deduction. You recapture the deduction by including it, or part of it, in your income.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP61181029 Clean-Fuel Vehicle Property

Clean-Fuel Vehicle Property

You must recapture the deduction for clean-fuel vehicle property if the property ceases to qualify within 3 years after the date you placed it in service. The property will cease to qualify if it is changed in any of the following ways.

1. It is modified so that it can no longer be propelled by a clean-burning fuel.
2. It ceases to be a qualified clean-fuel vehicle property (for example, by failing to meet emissions standards).
3. It becomes nonqualifying property, defined earlier.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP13e15097 Sales or other dispositions.

If you sell or otherwise dispose of the vehicle within 3 years after the date you placed it in service and know or have reason to know that it will be changed in any of the ways described above, you are subject to the recapture rules. In other dispositions (including a disposition by reason of an accident or other casualty), the recapture rules do not apply.

If the vehicle was subject to depreciation, the deduction (minus any recapture) is considered depreciation when figuring the part of any gain from the disposition that is ordinary income. See Publication 544 for more information on dispositions of depreciable property.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP04ccb9bc Recapture amount.

Figure your recapture amount by multiplying the deduction by the following percentage.

• 100% if the recapture date is within the first full year after the date the vehicle was placed in service.
• 662/3% if the recapture date is within the second full year after the date the vehicle was placed in service.
• 331/3% if the recapture date is within the third full year after the date the vehicle was placed in service.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP71640fc9 Recapture date.

The recapture date is generally the date of the event that causes the recapture. However, the recapture date for an event described in item (3), earlier, is the first day of the recapture year in which the event occurs.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP161d68c3 How to report.

How you report the recapture amount for clean-fuel vehicle property as income depends on how you claimed the deduction for that property.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP66373366 Deducted by individuals as nonbusiness-use property.

Include the amount on line 21 of Form 1040.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP6f761533 Deducted by employees as business-use property.

Include the amount on line 21 of Form 1040.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP3a28e94d Deducted by sole proprietors as business-use property.

Include the amount on the Other income line of either Schedule C (Form 1040) or Schedule F (Form 1040).

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP6cd5262c Partnerships and corporations (including S corporations).

Include the amount on the Other income line of the form you file.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP6e9c687c Clean-Fuel Vehicle   Refueling Property

Clean-Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property

You must recapture the deduction for clean-fuel vehicle refueling property if the property ceases to qualify at any time before the end of its depreciation recovery period. The property will cease to qualify if it is changed in any of the following ways.

1. It ceases to be a clean-fuel vehicle refueling property (for example, by being converted to store and dispense gasoline).
2. It is no longer used 50% or more in your trade or business.
3. It becomes nonqualifying property, defined earlier.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP199b79c4 Sales or other dispositions.

If you sell or otherwise dispose of the property before the end of its recovery period and know or have reason to know that it will be changed in any of the ways described above, you are subject to the recapture rules. In other dispositions (including a disposition by reason of an accident or other casualty), the recapture rules do not apply.

The deduction (minus any recapture amount) is considered depreciation when figuring the part of any gain from the disposition that is ordinary income. See Publication 544 for more information on dispositions of depreciable property.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP39bd7e6c Recapture amount.

Figure your recapture amount by multiplying the deduction you claimed by the following fraction.

Total recovery period for the property	_	Recovery years before the recapture year
Total recovery period for the property

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP664b3c81 How to report.

How you report the recapture amount for clean-fuel vehicle refueling property depends on how you claimed the deduction for that property.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP337e8148 Sole proprietors.

Include the amount on the Other income line of either Schedule C (Form 1040) or Schedule F (Form 1040).

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP15fa6ca4 Partnerships and corporations (including S corporations).

Include the amount on the Other income line of the form you file.

Taxmap/pubs/p535-058.htm#TXMP4bec861c Basis Adjustments

Basis adjustment.

You must reduce the basis of your clean-fuel vehicle property or clean-fuel vehicle refueling property by the deduction claimed. If, in a later year, you must recapture part or all of the deduction, increase the basis of the property by the amount recaptured. If the property is depreciable property, you can recover this additional basis over the property's remaining recovery period beginning with the tax year of recapture.

If you were using the percentage tables to figure your depreciation on the property, you will not be able to continue to do so. See Publication 946 for information on figuring your depreciation without the tables.

Previous Page:  Publication 535 - Business Expenses - Electric and Clean-Fuel Vehicles Next Page:  Publication 535 - Business Expenses - Electric Vehicle Credit Use     to find additional instances of index items.